As summer temperatures soar, the historic water resources of Northern Borders Region recall a time when water shaped every aspect of life in the desert.
During the sizzling season, locally known as Al-Maqyadh or Al-Maqtan, residents and travelers would travel to these water sources, where permanent well sites became temporary settlements. Families gathered there, while grazing and seasonal movement continued, reflecting the central role water played in the region’s history.
Northern Borders is home to a large number of historic hand-dug wells, many of which were excavated hundreds, and in some cases thousands, of years ago through painstaking human effort. They supplied water to local communities and travelers alike, helping sustain human settlement and life in the harsh desert environment.
History and archaeology enthusiast Khalaf Al-Ghufaili told the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) that Al-Maqtan sites once served as seasonal centers of social and economic life in the desert. They were more than sources of drinking water; they served as places of temporary settlement and mutual exchange, strengthened social ties, and supported the continued movement of herders and travelers along desert routes.
Many of these wells still retain their traditional architectural features, Al-Ghufaili said, reflecting the ingenuity and skill of earlier generations in locating groundwater and digging wells under challenging desert conditions.
He said preserving and documenting these sites helps showcase the region’s cultural heritage and strengthens its place within Saudi Arabia’s heritage and cultural tourism routes.
Historical evidence shows that these wells evolved beyond serving as water sources to become enduring cultural landmarks that document the relationship between people and their environment. They also reflect generations of knowledge in harnessing natural resources and adapting to the demands of desert life, forming an integral part of the region’s memory and human heritage.
Today, these historic sites stand out as promising cultural and heritage tourism destinations because of their historical and human significance. Their preservation and documentation remain essential to ensuring they continue to tell future generations the story of a time when access to water shaped settlement and resilience across Northern Borders desert.
Source: Riyadh Daily